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September 20262026 年九月

Tue

2026-09-01

Relaxed Sender Anonymity for CBDC Interbank Settlement: A Zero-Knowledge Approach on Permissioned EVMPaper

CBDCHyperledger Besu

The authors propose a privacy protocol for CBDC interbank settlement that uses a relaxed sender anonymity model on a permissioned EVM, combining Groth16 ZK proofs and Poseidon commitments to keep transaction content confidential while keeping the sender auditable.研究者提出一种面向CBDC银行间结算的隐私协议，采用放松的发送方匿名模型，在许可EVM上结合Groth16零知识证明和Poseidon承诺实现交易内容保密，同时保持发送方可审计性。

Key Points:要点：

•Proposes a relaxed sender anonymity model: sender identity public for compliance, receiver and amount hidden.提出放松的发送方匿名模型，发送方身份公开以满足AML/CFT合规，接收方和金额保密。
•Implemented on permissioned Hyperledger Besu with QBFT consensus and Groth16 (BN254) proofs.在Hyperledger Besu许可链上实现，使用QBFT共识和Groth16（BN254）证明。
•Uses Poseidon hash in an incremental Merkle tree and ECIES multi-recipient encryption for note storage.采用Poseidon哈希的增量Merkle树和ECIES多接收方加密存储笔记。
•On-chain NoteRegistry contract acts as append-only ledger, removing need for trusted off-chain custody.链上NoteRegistry合约作为仅追加账本，无需可信离线托管服务器。
•Five-node experiment: end-to-end settlement 8-16 s, on-chain verification ~220k gas.五节点实验显示端到端结算8-16秒，链上验证约220k gas。
•Prototype's NoteRegistry uses owner-indexed events, leaking privacy; production can use uniform broadcasting.原型中NoteRegistry使用所有者索引事件，存在隐私泄露，生产可改为统一事件广播。