zkDaily - 2026-03-23

零知识证明 zkDaily

ZKP Frontier Tracker 🎯

Mon

03.23

2026

Earpicks: Tightly Secure Two-Round Multi- and Threshold Signatures

Paper

https://eprint.iacr.org/2026/572

Renas Bacho Multi-Signatures

Bacho and Chen proposed Earpick-MS, Earpick-TS, and Earpick-muMS in their paper, achieving tightly secure two-round multi- and threshold signatures over pairing-free cyclic groups with improved compactness.

Notes

Earpick-MS reduces signature size to three field elements and one bit, ~3.5x smaller than T-Spoon.
Earpick-TS is the first pairing-free two-round threshold signature scheme with tight security proof.
Supports key aggregation, enabling multiple public keys to combine into a single aggregate key.
Implemented over pairing-free cyclic groups for improved efficiency and deployability.
Earpick-muMS variant maintains tight security in multi-user setting with compact signatures.
Addresses limitations of existing tightly secure schemes with large signatures or more rounds.

Collected by @icerdesign

零知识证明 zkDaily

Q&A Deep Dive 💬

Mon

03.23

2026

What is a threshold signature and how is it different from a multi-signature?

A threshold signature allows any t participants to sign, rather than requiring all parties as in multi-signatures. It improves fault tolerance and is useful in distributed key management.

What is the main improvement of Earpick-MS?

Earpick-MS achieves tight security, two-round signing, and pairing-free design while drastically reducing signature size to three field elements and one bit, about 3.5× smaller than prior work.

Why are two-round protocols important in practice?

Two-round protocols reduce latency and communication overhead, making them more practical in networks. They are more efficient than three or more rounds, especially in blockchain and distributed signing.

Prompted by @icerdesign